Geography

The Chicago Manual of Style includes 2 documentation systems:

• Notes-Bibliography System (Notes-Bib), used by those in literature, history, and the arts, uses superscript notes in-text (¹) and corresponding footnotes (at the bottom of each page) or endnotes (at the end of the document), and may use a reference list of all the sources cited in the notes at the end of the document.
• Author-Date System, which is similar in content, slightly different in form, and preferred in the social sciences. This system uses parenthetical in-text citations, e.g. (Martinez 2023), and a corresponding reference list at the end of the document. 

What is the difference between Chicago Style and Turabian?

A Manual for writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations, frequently called just "Turabian" is the student version of Chicago Style. The two are very similar with only a few slight differences aimed at students such as requiring the date of access for websites. While they are generally the same, consistency is key, and rules such as access dates should be applied evenly throughout your citations and references.

Full explanations, examples, and quick reference can be found below in the official guide, text, and guides created by other universities:

The American Association of Geographers, AAG Style uses The Chicago Manual of Style 17th Edition, Author-Date System.

In-text citations are noted with the author/creator and date in parentheses (Author year), and every source cited in-text is also listed in the reference list.

Citation Managers can save you time, keep you organized, and improve your research experience, but which one is right for you? The three citation managers recommended here have different features, and each may be better suited to different preferences and tasks.

When deciding which is best for you, consider the following:

• Cost: All three are free. Zotero and Mendeley have costs for extra data storage or certain features.
• Linking to full-text: Mendeley does not offer this feature.
• Sharing: RefWorks and Mendeley allow sharing with other system users. Zotero allows sharing with anyone.
• Word processors: All three work with Word. Mendeley does not work with Google Docs.
• Web App v. Download: RefWorks is a web app only, and Zotero includes a desktop application.

*Note: If you don’t see your citation style available in a citation manager, contact your librarian for help adding styles or choosing an alternative application.