Writing & Citing

The Chicago Manual of Style includes 2 documentation systems:

• Notes-Bibliography System (Notes-Bib), used by those in literature, history, and the arts, uses superscript notes in-text (¹) and corresponding footnotes (at the bottom of each page) or endnotes (at the end of the document), and may use a reference list of all the sources cited in the notes at the end of the document.
• Author-Date System, which is similar in content, slightly different in form, and preferred in the social sciences. This system uses parenthetical in-text citations, e.g. (Martinez 2023), and a corresponding reference list at the end of the document. 

What is the difference between Chicago Style and Turabian?

A Manual for writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations, frequently called just "Turabian" is the student version of Chicago Style. The two are very similar with only a few slight differences aimed at students such as requiring the date of access for websites. While they are generally the same, consistency is key, and rules such as access dates should be applied evenly throughout your citations and references.

Full explanations, examples, and quick reference can be found below in the official guide, text, and guides created by other universities: